Archive for the ‘Turtles’ Category

Discovering the Road Not Taken

Monday, April 25th, 2011

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Rufus Retriever Marks Her Own Path

“Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both …”

begins the sacred words of every dogs’ patron poet Robert Frost.  And I, Rufus Retriever, approaching the end of my six months of playful puppyhood, must choose my path.  There’s the much trodden way of four-legged lives clipped to a too short leash, sniffing smells that each in turn shares with the other.  Nothing new as each sun rises and each sun sets with the east still east and the west still west.  Not for me this flat paved road from yesterday to tomorrow.

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Rumpled Rufus

Wake-up came early on Easter morn as I savored my last virtual romp through the cabbage patch in pursuit of the Giant White Rabbit. 

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 White Rabbit Eggs?

Though I never caught clear glimpse of his presence that I had only sensed in pre-dawn shadows, he must have been as white as the eggs he left for us to decorate on Easter Eve.  Truth be told, I was surprised to learn that rabbits laid eggs, but as a budding scientist, I yearn for these surprise discoveries.

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Coloring Rabbit Eggs

It was fun to watch preparations as cold water, tablets and vinegar were combined with white rabbit eggs to produce a festival of color and design.

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A Dozen Rabbits in Waiting, I Guess

Even though one egg looked suspiciously like turtle, I guess they represent some sort of celebration in honor of the future hatching of baby white rabbits.  Again, there’s a lot I still don’t understand, such as why we placed the perfect white rabbit eggs in boiling water; although I suppose it could have been for rapid incubation.  And then why we decorated each of the eggs individually; although I guess even baby rabbits want to be unique.

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Rufus Contemplates Her Future

With Easter Eve as prologue, and the morning yawns behind me, I dashed into the woods in sure hope that Frost would guide me to the road less traveled.  I will confess that my thoughts wandered a bit as I spyed the size of my paws and wondered whether I would ever stop growing.  Would I gain the stature of the Giant White Rabbit?  But those were transient thoughts, and I focused on my chosen path as the singular canine naturalist.

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Rufus Sniffs for Adventure

Where would I find today’s discovery?  I scrambled along the rock jetties of Silvershell Beach and sniffed the abutting salt marshes.

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Rufus Experiments with Rockweed

While the smells were delightful, and I detected a faint sign that my neighbor golden retriever Harry had stopped by the beach last night, the weather was still a bit chilly for estuary critters to be on the march.  Still, I liked the tasty rockweed (Fucus sp.) and bursting the little air sacs proved a cool experiment.

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Rufus Discovers Female Spotted Turtle

With nothing exciting at the beach, I galloped over to the bog wetlands and immediately encountered a female spotted turtle that was basking along the edge of an abandoned cranberry bog channel.  I alerted my research assistant (and minder) Becky Nourse, and we carefully examined the turtle to extract lots of scientific data.  Unfortunately, they have not yet entrusted me with a smart phone, so I had to permit my assistant to document the find.

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Satisfied Rufus Retriever

All in all, a perfect ending  to a perfect day as I explored the future with Robert Frost as my compass,

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —

I took the one less traveled by”

Rufus Meets Male Spotted Turtle

Wednesday, April 13th, 2011

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Rufus Retriever Meets Male Spotted Turtle

Turtle Journal’s Sue Wieber Nourse and Rufus Retriever visited the Goldwitz abandoned cranberry bog on Tuesday.  On Sunday, they had found a female spotted turtle basking on the bank of a bog channel at Goldwitz.  Since then, the weather had deteriorated into a chilly overcast with spitting rain.  No self-respecting turtle would be caught dead or alive basking in such un-turtle-like conditions.

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Spotted Turtle Hides in Plain Sight

As they walked along the bog looking for turtles, salamanders, frogs and toads, Sue’s eyes caught an anomaly at the bottom of the channel.  She stopped, stared and confirmed that a spotted turtle was lying underneath.  (Take a look at the photograph above.  Can you see the turtle hiding in plain sight?  When you think you have identified the spotted turtle in the picture, click on the image and the solution will appear in a new window.)  Sue slipped down the bank, plunged into the water and grabbed the turtle in her bare hands.  Rufus skidded down the bank, jumped in the water and played. 

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Male Spotted Turtle Drab Neck

Sue had captured Male Spotted Turtle #7, whom Don Lewis had first captured on May 7th, 2007 as he basked on the banks of this same channel.  Back then, he was recorded as older than 11 years, he measured 11.39 centimeters straight-line carapace length, and he weighed 189 grams.  The next time Spotted #7 was seen occurred on March 27, 2008, when he again basked on the same bank in 40 degree sunshine.  Notice the drabness of his neck which contrasts with the colorful female Sue captured on Sunday (see below).

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Spotted Turtle Male Tail

Another indicator of #7’s maleness is his tail.  Note it is considerably thicker than Sunday’s female (see below), and also note that the anal opening falls significantly beyond the edge of his carapace.  Again, contrast with the female tail below.

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Male Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) Carapace

This April Spotted Turtle #7 measured 11.45 centimeters straight-line carapace length, 8.5 centimeters maximum carapace width, and 8.1 centimeters wide along the suture between the first and second costals.  He weighed 194 grams.

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Male Spotted Turtle Plastron Concavity

This plastron photograph illustrates all of his male attributes: the drably colored neck, the thick tail and significant concavity posterior of the bridge.  Spotted #7 measured 8.5 centimeters straight-line plastron length along the central suture and 5.7 centimeters wide behind the bridge.

Rufus Say Farewell to Male Spotted Turtle

After recording morphometric data and examining the health of Spotted Turtle #7, Sue released him back into the bog channel … with a lot of health from Rufus the Turtle Dog who escorted Lucky Seven back into the water.

Female Spotted Turtle Basks in Goldwitz Bog

Monday, April 11th, 2011

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Rufus, Sue Wieber Nourse and Female Spotted Turtle

Rufus Retriever, the new Turtle Journal research dog, and Sue Wieber Nourse discovered a mature female spotted turtle basking on the channel bank of the abandoned Goldwitz cranberry bog in Marion, Massachusetts on Sunday.  Turtle Journal has been checking this bog since mid-March and this turtle marked the first spotted we have seen at this location in 2011.

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Female Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)

Spotted turtles are a small, elusive wetlands species.  This mature female weighed only 189 grams and showed annual growth lines that indicated she was approximately 11 years old.

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Female Spotted Turtles Have Bright Colorful Necks

Spotted turtles exhibit sexual dichromatism.  Beyond morphological differences, females can be identified by a brightly colored yellow/orange neck.  Males in contrast have a drably colored brown or gray neck.

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Female Spotted Turtle Tail

Female spotted turtles also have a thinner tail than males, and the anal opening generally falls inside the carapace (top shell).

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Female Spotted Turtle Carapace

As usual, we took three straight line measurements of the carapace.  The length of the carapace measured 10.4 centimeters and its maximum width was 8.2 centimeters.  The width at the suture between the first and second costal scutes measured 7.9 centimeters.

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Female Spotted Turtle Plastron

The plastron (bottom shell) measured 9.7 centimeters from front to back along the central suture line.  The width of the plaston behind the bridge was 6.05 centimeters.  Female spotted turtles have a largely flat plastron while males have a concavity in the center of the plastron posterior to the bridge.

Spotted Turtle Somersault

Spotted turtles offer a special show when they return to the bog channel after basking on its banks.  A good number of them slip and slide down the steep bank and hit the bottom at such an unusual angle that they do an unintentional somersault into the water.  The one captured in the video above obligingly showed her stuff for the Turtle Journal cameras.

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Wild Turkeys Lead Turtle Journal Out of Bog

As Sue and Rufus drove out of the bog along its one-lane wooded road, they were led by a couple of wild turkeys who moved with a slow sureness that showed they considered this roadway their own.

Here Come the Giants!

Monday, March 28th, 2011

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Return of the Leviathans!

Each spring brings the return of giant leatherback sea turtles to Buzzards Bay in Massachusetts.  These massive sea turtles, an anachronistic relic of prehistoric times and the most massive living reptile on Planet Earth, are a globally endangered species listed as critically endangered by the IUCN.  Adults can reach more than 8 feet in length and 2000 pounds in weight.  According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, “The leatherback is the largest, deepest diving, and most migratory and wide ranging of all sea turtles.”

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Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

Leatherbacks achieve this massive size by feasting on a diet almost exclusively composed of jellyfish.  They follow jellyfish blooms across the Seven Seas.  In Buzzards Bay, the attractive prey that entices leatherbacks to return each year is lion’s mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata). 

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Lion’s Mane Jellyfish (Cyanea capillata)

So, each spring the Turtle Journal team watches the shores of Buzzards Bay for the first appearance of a lion’s mane bloom, which presages the arrival of our favorite leviathans.  Today, ten days later than last year, the first lion’s manes appeared along Silvershell Beach in Marion.  Now that Buzzards Bay is filling with lion’s mane jellyfish, we can anticipate the arrival of the season’s first repitilian leviathans in a matter of weeks.

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Lion’s Mane Jellyfish in Buzzards Bay

If jellyfish are the breakfast, lunch and dinner of these giants, how are leatherback sea turtles configured to exploit this unusual diet to gain such massive sizes?  Since jellyfish congregate in patches amidst the vast empty distances of the oceans, how can leatherbacks take advantage of a good spot when it comes along in their pelagic journeys?

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Mouth of a Leatherback Sea Turtle

Look at the the enormous mouth of the leatherback sea turtle and its specilized esophagus lined with long, downward pointing spikes.  For a jellyfish, and anything else that enters, the leatherback GI system is a one way journey downward.  When a leatherback runs into a patch of jellyfish it gorges itself, filling its mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines with a bulging mass of food.  Another interesting anatomical feature of the leatherback is its enormous liver which processes the generous supply of toxins that it consumes from its jellyfish prey.

First Spotted Turtle of 2011 Field Season

Friday, March 18th, 2011

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Sue Wieber Nourse Examines Male Spotted Turtle

As sure as Saint Patrick drove snakes from the Emerald Isle, as sure as spring equinox arrives each year once rivers of green beer runs dry, a few days of sunshine and 50-degree weather will produce the first basking spotted turtle at Brainard’s Marsh on the South Coast of Massachusetts.  (See Spotted Turtle and Wood Frog Celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day, March 18, 2011)

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Large Female Painted Turtles Basking at Local Bog

During the last week we’ve seen painted turtles decorating rocks at our local bogs and on the floating platform at Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.  Yesterday, Sue spied two small juvenile spotted turtles sunning on the far, unapproachable banks of the pond at Brainard’s Marsh.

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Spotted Turtle (Clemmys Guttata) 

So, this morning Sue came to Brainard’s Marsh ready for action with a long handled (10 foot) net to snag this handsome dude basking on the bank and to kick off the Turtle Journal’s local research season.  Spotteds are an extremely elusive small fresh water turtle.  For sizing, note the oak leaf in the photograph above with the mature male spotted turtle.

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Carapace of Male Spotted Turtle

This 12-year-old male measured 11.6 centimeters (~ 4.5 inches) straight-line carapace length and 8.7 centimeters (3.4 inches) maximum straight-line width.

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Plastron of Male Spotted Turtles

His plastron measured 9.7 centimeters (3.8 inches) long with a nice male concavity and thick tail.

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Male Spotted Turtle at Brainard’s Marsh

Our lad hit the scales at 211 grams (7.4 ounces) and didn’t need to be marked because he had natural nicks at the 2000 suture and in the 3 marginal.  Some future St. Patrick’s Day researcher may be flummoxed by finding a turtle marked as #2003 in a tiny fresh water pond.  Perhaps, that future researcher will be clever or lucky enough to attritube those marks to a pint (or two) of green beer.